What is Aquaculture

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Aquaculture 101


Aquaculture is simply the farming of fish, crustaceans, molluscs, aquatic plants, algae and other aquatic organisms. Aquaculture includes cultivating freshwater and saltwater populations under controlled conditions and can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is the harvesting of wild fish. It is less commonly spelled aquiculture and is also known as aqua farming.
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), aquaculture “is understood to mean the farming of aquatic organisms including fish, molluscs, crustaceans and aquatic plants. Farming also implies some form of intervention in the rearing process to enhance production, such as regular stocking, feeding, protection from predators, etc. Farming also implies individual or corporate ownership of the stock being cultivated’’. It is reported that in 2014 the global aquaculture industry supplied over one half of the fish and shellfish that was/is still directly consumed by humans worldwide.

The different types of aquaculture:

1     1. Fish farming
2     2. Shrimp farming
3     3. Oyster farming
4     4. Mariculture
5     5. Algaeculture and
6     6. Cultivation of ornamental fish.

Some aquacultural methods commonly used by farmers include aquaponics and integrated multi-tropic aquaculture, both of these methods integrates fish farming and aquatic plant farming.
Modern day aquaculture practices are inspired by the huge demand for high quality protein found in fish i.e. catfish and tilapia, also the overexploitations of marine species and the decline in wild fish stocks and catches have giving rise to the demand for farmed fish. However, finding alternative sources of protein for fish feed is necessary to boast the fish farming aquaculture industry which is the primary aquaculture and ensure a sustainable growth for fish farming, there is also the need for extensive research and useful information for fish farmers to boast their capabilities and produce more quality protein for human consumption. While aquaculture is an industry with high economic potential it is somewhat overlooked over looked in same world economies. 

Aquaculture is capable of providing millions of job in regions like Africa where youth restiveness and unemployment seems to be a major issue.

Brief History of fish farming aquaculture.

It might surprise you to know that aquaculture has been practiced for centuries; maybe not under the code name “aquaculture” but the practice of rearing fishes in “man made” environments like ponds and aquariums have been an age long practice, although the first professional usage of the word “aquaculture” was in 1855.
Aquaculture has been operating in China since the 2500 BC. When rivers where subsided after floods, some fish, mainly carp, were trapped in lakes. Also Early aquaculturist fed their brood using nymphs and silkworm feces, and ate them. A genetic mutation of carp that is described by some as “fortunate” led to the emergence of the goldfish during the Tang dynasty.
Romans bred fish in ponds and farmed oysters in coastal lagoons before 100 CE and in Central Europe, early Christian monasteries adopted roman aquacultural practices.
-source Wikipedia


Although time and technology has changed the aquaculture industry overtime but it still has huge economic potentials for major world economies and individuals as well.

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